Friday, October 16, 2015

Discrepancies in Fields of Creativity and Innovation

Women are not as creative as men. They are not as artistic, not as original, and not as innovative. At least, not according to public perception — an idea that was developed and abstracted by students from Duke University.

Recent research shows that people tend to associate “stereotypically masculine traits (such as decisiveness, competitiveness, risk-taking, ambition and daring) as being more important to creativity than stereotypically feminine qualities (such as cooperation, understanding and support of others).” This has been confirmed by both real-world experimental and observational studies. A fictional male architect’s work is described as more creative and avant-garde by some people, while the same structure is described as being less so when presented as a fictional female architect’s work. Male managers, when presented identically to female managers (aside from gender), are rated “not only as being more creative, but as having more agency and being more deserving of rewards.”

This obviously becomes a problem for women, as even our government agrees that “the jobs and industries of the future ... [invest] inthe creativity and imagination of our people." And what can be taken from that, in conjunction with the associative biases surrounding creative norms, is that this trend has the potential to limit working opportunities for women even further — despite seemingly enriching opportunities for inspired minds as a whole. After all, if the best creative thinkers are all male, what place is there for women in industries of innovation at all?


Margaret Mead (1901-1978) — cultural anthropologist, unapologetic feminist, and radical thinker extraordinaire (at least for her time) — had a more deliberate response to this. She argued that women working in creative fields were fundamentally disadvantaged due to contextual social constructs. And this was an argument that she made over 50 years ago (or 52, to be exact). Women were actively constrained by working with “forms that were created by men, or else struggle against special odds to develop new forms.” She develops her argument by pointing a finger towards educational systems and their inherently gender-biased curriculums, stating the following:

                “Until we have an educational system that permits enough women to work within any field — music, mathematics, painting, literature, biology and so on — so that forms which are equally congenial to both sexes are developed, we shall not have a fair test of this third possibility.” 

That said, Mead came from a time when ideas similar to the picture above were considered to be fact, and not just the satirical attitude it was actually designed to show.


Interestingly enough, her point is countermanded by modern-day reality: today, “girls outnumber boys at arts schools by [a great] margin.” The actual numbers show that “Schools that specialize in the arts ... are now 64 percent female and 36 percent male, a disparity that has grown slightly larger over the last five years [emphasis added].” And yet, despite this, women are still considered to be less creative than men, while men continue to rise above women doing equal-or-greater work than men.

Ultimately, the Coca-Cola Company has what seems to be the most reasonable point of view. Through their analysis, they show that “Men andwomen are equally talented when it comes to creativity.” They actually present a slightly different approach, saying that it is critical to continued innovation to actually have men and women work cooperatively together (gasp — such a novel concept!). The two different approaches with which men and women approach creativity help balance and complement one another, and overall produce better results as a whole.

This ties back to our class through a comparison of the struggles which women face today expressing their creativity and having it be viewed equally to men’s, and the struggle that women face in The Handmaid’s Tale with expressing themselves in any way at all — not being allowed to read, write, or (presumably) create anything. Tasks like that are, after all, best left to the “more creative, innovate, out-of-the-box-thinking" men, right?

Questions for Discussion:
  1. What sort of long-term consequences do you think might occur as a result of these gender biases in fields of design and innovation?
  2. Why do you think that females are perceived as less creative in a post-school setting, despite having more opportunities for creativity in school environments?
  3. What do you think can be done to balance out and correct these misperceptions?


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